Menopause Care

Menopause is a natural stage in a woman's life, defined as the permanent cessation of menstrual periods after 12 consecutive months without menstruation, when no other medical cause is present. The transition leading to menopause, known as perimenopause, may begin several years earlier and can cause physical and emotional changes due to fluctuating and declining estrogen levels.

Common symptoms include irregular periods, hot flashes, night sweats, sleep disturbances, mood changes, vaginal dryness, discomfort during intercourse, urinary symptoms, and changes in sexual well-being. Declining estrogen levels may also contribute to bone loss and changes in cardiovascular and metabolic health over time.

Menopause care begins with a detailed assessment of symptoms, menstrual history, medical conditions, medications, and individual risk factors. Investigations may be recommended when clinically indicated, particularly for abnormal bleeding or concerns related to bone and metabolic health.

Treatment is individualized and may include lifestyle modifications, nutritional guidance, regular physical activity, non-hormonal treatments, vaginal therapies, or menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) for appropriately selected women after assessment of potential benefits and risks.

Any vaginal bleeding after menopause requires medical evaluation and should not be considered a normal part of menopause.